How can you identify an airway obstruction in a conscious casualty?

Identifying an airway obstruction in a conscious casualty involves recognizing certain critical signs. Signs of distress are an immediate indication that the casualty is struggling to breathe. This distress may manifest in various ways, such as a look of panic, anxiety, or an inability to catch their breath. An inability to speak is a significant indicator as it suggests that the airway is compromised; a person who is fully conscious typically can communicate, so being unable to speak may highlight an obstruction. Cyanosis, or a bluish discoloration of the skin, particularly around the lips or fingertips, signals reduced oxygen supply and implies severe respiratory distress.

In contrast, calm behavior and regular breathing would typically indicate that the airway is clear, suggesting no obstruction is present. Continuous loud coughing might imply that some obstruction exists, but if it is effortless and consistent, it can often suggest that the airway is partially obstructed but still functional. Checking for pulse regularity does not specifically assess airway status and is more related to circulatory issues rather than identifying an obstructed airway. Thus, the signs of distress, inability to speak, or cyanosis together create a clear picture of a potential airway obstruction.